Valleys and Gullies

Valleys and Gullies Valleys and Gullies Valleys and Gullies By Mark Nichol An assortment of words serve to portray geological highlights described by low-lying landscape between higher heights of land. This post records and characterizes a large number of these terms. Valley, at last from the Latin expression valles by method of Anglo-French and Middle English, most conventionally portrays such a territory, a length of the outside of Earth or some other strong planet or characteristic satellite that isolates slopes or mountains or through which a stream framework regularly streams. The word may likewise depict a counterfeit component taking after a valley, for example, the line along which two inclining segments of a rooftop meet, or might be utilized allegorically to allude to a low condition or point, frequently part of the expression â€Å"peaks and valleys.† Vale is a variation with the equivalent etymological starting point, utilized more in wonderful settings than trite ones, for example, when it is utilized as a representation for the world in the expression â€Å"vale of tears.† Ravine, once in a while observed with the spelling of its Spanish source caã ±on (presumably from an outdated Spanish word got from the Latin expression callis, which means â€Å"path†) alludes to a profound, restricted, steep-sided valley or something proposing such an element, for example, a road going between two columns of tall structures. Cirque, in the mean time, from the Latin word bazaar, which means â€Å"circle,† is such an element in uneven landscape framing a bowl toward the finish of a valley. A combe (the word is additionally sometimes spelled coombe or coomb) is a profound, limited valley or a bowl nearby a slope. The word, utilized for the most part in British English, is of Celtic inception; in Welsh, it is spelled cwm. Dale and its comparable looking related dell, the two of which get from Old English, portray a little green or forested valley; the word is delated to Old High German tal, which, as a feature of the name of an area where German coins were stamped, propelled the word dollar. Both dale and dell are utilized fundamentally in beautiful or bygone utilization, for example, in the expression â€Å"hill and dale,† despite the fact that the utilization of dell in the conventional melody â€Å"Farmer in the Dell† likely comes from an irrelevant Dutch word. Dene, additionally from Old English, is a British English expression for a low-lying territory, and dingle shares a language root and a definition with dale and dell. Old Irish, in the interim, contributes the word glen, which means â€Å"valley.† From the Latin expression gurga comes gorge, which alludes to a tight zone, for example, a gully floor or part of it. (Chasm has a few extra implications, for example, â€Å"throat or stomach† and â€Å"something that gags a passage,† and as an action word it implies the previous sense, which means â€Å"eat or participate in huge amounts.†) Gulch, presumably from the Middle English word gulchen, alludes to a precarious cut in the land, as does gorge, which likely originates from the Latin word gula by method of the Middle English term golet, from which neck is likewise determined. (Chasm may likewise allude to a little water-shaped regular channel.) Empty, from the Old English word holh, from which gap is likewise determined, depicts a little bowl or valley. In American English vernaculars, it is in some cases articulated (and spelled) holler. The Latin expression rapina, which means â€Å"rapine,† is the wellspring of gorge, alluding to a precarious sided valley between a crevasse and a gully in size. The association between the name of the land highlight and a word related with attacking and ravaging is the feeling of rapina of â€Å"sweeping away,† concerning the activity of water racing through it. One kind of valley is a fracture valley; the term crack, from a Scandinavian word for â€Å"fissure,† depicts the low-lying zone between two generally equal topographical blames or gatherings of deficiencies. Need to improve your English in a short time a day? Get a membership and begin getting our composing tips and activities day by day! Continue learning! Peruse the Vocabulary classification, check our mainstream posts, or pick a related post below:How to Structure A Story: The Eight-Point Arc40 Synonyms for â€Å"Different†Comma Before Too?

Development Of Simple Menu Driven Program - Pseudo-Code

Question: For this task you are required to determine, structure, actualize and test a menu driven program of your own plan. You are to envision that you are building up a model for entering the underlying records of a framework and giving reports from that framework. For instance you could structure a program that supports entering participation subtleties of a club or entering records of understudy reviews inside a class or any framework you can envision including putting away close to home subtleties in a two dimensional exhibit. You are given inadequate example starter code that you can change and expand upon. You are relied upon to completely remark the gave code just as your own code. Section A Code Comprehension Sample code has been given in Moodle. Utilize the example code gave to respond to the accompanying inquiries: (1) When the program is first run and menu thing 3 is chosen what is shown? Clarify what has occurred? (2) When the program is run and menu thing 1 is chosen and afterward menu thing 3 is chosen what is shown? (3) If the program is run, menu thing 1 is chosen and the client endeavors to include 4 individuals what will occur and why? (4) Explain how the circle showing the menu and handling a reaction is left. What worth does userOptionSelected have when the program wraps up? Portray what occurs on this line: userOptionSelected = m.getsel(scan);/get a client choice entered. (5) The held word break is utilized in the change articulation to deal with the menu choice. What occurs in the event that you expel the break articulation on the off chance that 3? (6) Currently, if the client enters a wrong menu determination, (for example, 5) what occurs? Clarify why the mistake message is shown. What technique and line of code is mindful and why. (7) What elective circling structure could have been utilized for the primary while circle? (8) Explain the reason for the boolean variable wrapped up. (9) Briefly clarify the two lines of code that have been utilized to make the exhibit to store the scores for every contender. In your clarification, give an outline to show how the cluster is put away. (10) Explain what might occur (and why) if the code in the while circle was changed to: while(finished==true) (11) Currently, menu thing one prompts the client for information for up to 3 lines of information and 4 qualities in each column. What change would you need to make to the code so the information contains 8 columns of information, with 8 qualities on each line? 12. The structure of the yield for menu choice 2 should be changed with the goal that it shows the information according to the accompanying: Line 1: Smith,Bruce 22 1 12.00 ============================================ Line 2: Brown,Peter 24 2 12.00 ============================================ Line 3: Maison,Mark 38 3 6.00 ============================================ Give the progressions to the code that you have to make to do this. Part B Program Requirements The initial segment of the task is to depict the necessities of your program to be created. This ought to give enough subtleties with the goal that another developer would have the option to plan and actualize the program. Your program should give the client a menu that gives in any event the accompanying usefulness: (1) Input the quantity of individuals, understudies, and so forth (2) Input esteems to fill your two-dimensional exhibit (3) View reports in any event two unique reports (for example list individuals with a specific part level, list individuals who owe in excess of a specific sum) (4) Quit the framework Your necessities ought to permit your program to comply with the structure imperatives recorded previously. An essential case of program prerequisites has been given to you to allude to (see page 6 of this record for the Example Specification Part C Examination and Design a program for the undertaking you have indicated in Part B. You ought to include: (1) A portrayal of the techniques used to address the program prerequisites (2) High level pseudo-code for every menu alternative and related technique Answer: Section A: (1) It will show The normal age of all individuals is NaN. It shows simply because client didn't enter any information. (2) It will show the normal age of all individuals which are entered after determination of choice 1. (3) It will toss special case ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException since lines can up to 3 in particular. (4) After choosing fourth choice, program exits. The userOptionSelected has esteem 4. userOptionSelected = m.getsel(scan); The worth is doled out to userOptionSelected. The getsel() Function gives the worth which is chosen by client. (5) If there is no break articulation in the event that 3, program will bounce to default case. In the wake of printing default case, it will print menu. (6) There is message which recommends the client to enter legitimate alternative, if invalid choice is entered. This is default case. (7) do-while circle (8) The while circle is taken care of by completed Boolean variable. (9) String memberData[][] = new String[NROWS][NCOLS]; The above articulation is utilized to make to store information. It is 2-dimentional exhibit having 3 lines and 4 segments. (10) There won't any approach to exit from while circle, if there is such proclamation in light of the fact that while circle condition is consistently true.(11) Change NROWS to 8 and NCOLS to 8, the issue will solve.(12) We need to include something in enterData() technique. Update Code void enterData(Scanner in) { System.out.println(How numerous columns ? (up to + NROWS + )); numMembers = in.nextInt(); System.out.println(How numerous cols ? (up to + NCOLS + )); int cols = in.nextInt(); for(int i=0; I numMembers;i++){ System.out.println(Row + I + : ); memberData[i][NAME] = in.next(); memberData[i][AGE] = in.next(); memberData[i][MEMBERLEVEL] = in.next(); memberData[i][FEES] = in.next(); } } Refreshed code is featured. Part B: Essential necessities of program: Program menu alternative: (1) Enter data(2) Display data(3) Display report(4) Exit General Program Requirement: Information 10 batsmen score (run) Take 10 match arrangement Score can be 1 to N Show the crude information which is entered Report: Absolute Score (run) of batsman (player) Normal run pace of batsman Part C: (1) Method Description: displayMenu(): It will show menu. getSel(): It will use to enter the client choice the menu alternative. processSelection(): It will process the program as per client choice. enterData(): With assistance of this technique, client can include the 10 batsmen runs for 10 matches. displayData(): It shows the information which is entered by client. showReport(): It shows report of batsmen. It shows absolute run rate and normal run pace of every batsman in 10 matches. primary(): This is strategy where program begins. It calls other technique to process the program. (2) Pseudo-code displayMenu() Function Display menu End displayMenu() Function getSel() Function get client input return client input End getSel() Function processSelection()Functionswitch case 1: enterData() case 2: displayData() case 3: showReport()End switch caseEnd processSelection() FunctionenterData( ) Function INPUT run for every batsman one by oneEnd enterData( ) FunctiondisplayData( ) Function PRINT run of every batsman End displayData( ) Function showReport( ) Function Figure the all out run pace of every batsman Calculate the normal run pace of each batsmanDisplay complete run pace of every batsman Display normal run pace of each batsmanEnd showReport( ) Functionmain() Function Initialize nearby factor while loopdisplayMenu() getSel()processSelection()End while loopEnd principle() Function

Clean English Short Story Essay Example For Students

Clean English Short Story Essay It was a cold and dim January morning. The sun was ascending over the thick, white mists and making the sky shine a dull shade of red. A boisterous and shrill wheeze from his better half woke Neal up. Neal was a multi year old railroad engineer; he had been hitched for a long time, and smoking for fifteen. Normally, in the wake of getting up Neal would proceed to have a cigarette, yet today would have been extraordinary. Neal was going to surrender; he would have been spotless. As he gradually opened his eyes, Neal put his hand on his bed side table, as he did each day, and looked for the pack of cigarettes. Today in any case, there were no cigarettes; the previous evening they had all been discarded. Neal pondered internally, how would he be able to potentially get up without having a fag? How might he have the option to last throughout the day, everlastingly without smoking once more? He raised his head and felt a huge pounding sensation, it was the kind of feeling you get when youre hungry,, and Neal was ravenous, however just for a certain something, tobacco. We will compose a custom article on Clean English Short Story explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now When dressed, he strolled down the hardened steel winding flight of stairs that took Neal from his room to his ultra-present day kitchen. Once in the kitchen, he put the pot on, got a glass of water, and afterward headed outside. The clammy morning air was new; he could hear the winged animals and smell the recently pruned plants in the nursery. As a rule now, Neal would have his second cigarette of the day, and without it he felt confounded and unfocused. Neal pined for a cigarette, he ached for the warm smoke hurrying down his throat and the unwinding of gradually breathing and out. How was he going to endure? Once in his vehicle while in transit to work, he was truly languishing. The vehicle possessed a scent like it had been in a gigantic scope fire, the seats had stains of them from when the parts of the bargains unintentionally copied the texture, the scramble board was severely chided as well, as Neal had once in a while utilized it as a debris plate when out of luck. Every one of these tokens of cigarettes were making Neal frantic; he expected to escape the vehicle, head off to some place where he could dispose of cigarettes, and get them off of his mind. How was he going to have the option to do this when he functioned as an educator at the once-over, and dodgy nearby thorough school? Where more seasoned understudies smoke behind sheds, where his homeroom has banners about the threats of smoking and where once in the staff room, it was progressively similar to being in the neighborhood bar, because of the measure of smoke noticeable all around. As Neal endeavored to leave his vehicle in a space that you could scarcely observe, as the lines that used to be yellow, were presently practically covered onto the wrecked landing area, he could detect that this day would have been one of the hardest ever. His head was all the while beating as though he had been punched and every one of his muscles despite everything yearned because of the absence of nicotine. As Neal moved toward the primary access to the school one of the understudies yelled something that seemed like smokestack to him. This happened each day, on the grounds that as instructor that smoked, he had a notoriety and numerous bits of gossip flowed day by day about him, particularly as he spent a significant number of his exercises educating about its perils. Neal anticipated telling every one of his understudies he was perfect, he anticipated showing signs of improvement notoriety in school. It was contemplations like this that propped him up. .u3065bac684d9fb174996da8d66902256 , .u3065bac684d9fb174996da8d66902256 .postImageUrl , .u3065bac684d9fb174996da8d66902256 .focused content zone { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u3065bac684d9fb174996da8d66902256 , .u3065bac684d9fb174996da8d66902256:hover , .u3065bac684d9fb174996da8d66902256:visited , .u3065bac684d9fb174996da8d66902256:active { border:0!important; } .u3065bac684d9fb174996da8d66902256 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u3065bac684d9fb174996da8d66902256 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; darkness: 1; progress: haziness 250ms; webkit-change: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u3065bac684d9fb174996da8d66902256:active , .u3065bac684d9fb174996da8d66902256:hover { mistiness: 1; change: obscurity 250ms; webkit-progress: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u3065bac684d9fb174996da8d66902256 .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u3065bac684d9fb174996da8d66902256 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content adornment: underline; } .u3065bac684d9fb174996da8d66902256 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u3065bac684d9fb174996da8d66902256 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; outskirt span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-fringe sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content improvement: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3065bac684d9fb174996da8d66902256:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u3065bac684d9 fb174996da8d66902256 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u3065bac684d9fb174996da8d66902256-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u3065bac684d9fb174996da8d66902256:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Analyze a composition EssayOnce he had dropped his battered folder case in the staffroom, he chose to go directly to his study hall to escape from the smell. Exercise one was year ten for him. Year ten were a hard year, they were not yet mature enough to be dealt with like full grown-ups, however were too old to be in any way treated like kids. This issue was continually trying for Neal, and to exacerbate it the subject for the exercise was medications and smoking. As the understudies strolled into his group in an un-systematic way, and still hyper from pre-school exercises, Neal could smell the smoke on a portion of the unders tudies garments. As he sucked the smell in, he felt new, he truly required a cigarette. He concluded that after the exercise he was surrendering, he could take it no more. This all changed inside the initial ten minutes, as the truism goes educators gain more from their understudies than understudies gain from the instructors and this was unquestionably valid for now. The understudies were being fantastic, truly intrigued by the subject, some even gave their own considerations: I dont like the reality my mum smokes, the house smells and I generally tell my grandpa that he will get malignancy since he smokes. These were the kind of remarks that were coming up. Did Neal truly need one of his kids to state something like this later on? These remarks truly made Neal think, he was going to surrender now, it wasnt a perhaps, or even an if. Neal wasnt going to ever contact a cigarette again. Would he need to be known as the grandpa who kicked the bucket right on time of malignancy? Is it true that he was going to let his youngsters experience childhood in a home that smelled of smoke and was perilous? The response to the entirety of this was no. At the point when he returned home to his significant other from work, he informed her regarding his day at school. When he referenced the remarks that a portion of the kids had said in class tears begun pouring down his face, how might he even mull over winding up that way? Throughout the following scarcely any days Neal remained solid. Now and again it was extreme, and he was very nearly surrendering, yet the Science exercise that morning prevented him from doing as such. He had another self control, another motivation to live, Neal was a changed man. Ten years on from this day and Neal has not contacted a cigarette. He has two delightful kids and has now been elevated to head of Science. In his words I am a changed individual. He no longer depends on tobacco to satisfy him, however can see different things that are progressively significant in life, for example, family and self-awareness. Ten years on and Neal is perfect.

Relationship Between Catholicism and Islam in Nigeria - 1650 Words

The Contested Relationship Between Catholicism and Islam in Nigeria (Essay Sample) Content: Name:Professor:Course:Date:The contested relationship between Catholicism and Islam in NigeriaNigeria is Africas largest country and the only country with an almost equal population of Christians and Muslims. The Muslims population dominates the northern side of Nigeria while the Christian Population occupies the Southern part of Nigeria. The Christian population represents 48% while the Muslims Population is 50% of the Nations population. The Christian population has grown tremendously over the years. As at independence, the Christian population was only 23%, and this number has increased to the current 48%. This increase is linked to the increased evangelism among the Christian community. The Muslim community, which has dominated the north, has also increased though not as much as the Christian community. By 1960, none of the religious communities had surpassed the 30% mark (Iwuchukwu and Marinus, 79).Islam in NigeriaIslamic religion in Nigeria represents the larges t Muslim population in Africa and also in the country. The Muslim community comprises the Sunni, Shafi Madhhab as well as Shia, which is a minority community in Nigeria (Tajudeen et. Al, 49). Due to the Muslim domination in the Northern Nigeria, some of the states have introduced Sharia law into their legal systems. This has caused controversy, and most Christian clerics are against this. This is a source of conflict among the Muslim and Christians in Nigeria since the Christians are against Muslim controlled constitutions since they have different beliefs and practices.Christians in NigeriaThe Christian population in Nigeria is experiencing tremendous growth since independence. The Christian population comprises the Protestants, Catholics and those still embodied in traditional Christian beliefs. They dominate the Southern part of Nigeria. This is because the Catholic missionaries who visited the country at the time of colonization concentrated on the south (Nyamnjoh and Francis, 2 35). The found Muslim colonizers had already dominated the northern part.The Catholics represent a big portion of the Christian population in Nigeria. The Catholic faith has also experienced a fast growth rate in Nigeria as well as in other African countries. Statistics shows that Africa has 16% of Worlds Catholic population. The Catholic population experienced tremendous growth of approximately 21% between 2005 and 2010. This increase in Catholic population has left many people speculating that the next people to succeed Pope Benedict XVI will come from Africa. Nigeria, Ghana and Congo lead in the number of Catholic population in Africa (Nyamnjoh and Francis, 235).Conflict between the Catholics and Muslims in NigeriaDue to the large size of the country, there are many people living in the country whom the Catholic and Muslim clerics complete winning. The vibrant Catholic movements competing with Muslims has escalated the level of conflict to higher levels, as both religions compete to win souls to their sides (Okoro, 104). This conflict has made the Vatican worried as extremists from both sides emerge.The rapid increase of Muslims and Christians since independence has brought tension between the two religions. This has seen both sides rising against each other as they complete over who is superior to the other (Nyamnjoh and Francis, 235). According the Nigerian government, religious intolerance has claimed over 50, 000 deaths since the early 1990s (Iwuchukwu and Marinus, 79). This was through religious uprisings with each religion having its share of extremists.Despite the current conflicts, the West African country was initially formed based on interreligious cooperation. At the time of Independence, the North and South regions of Nigeria were united for a common good. The Leaders from both religious sides played an instrumental role information of the largest country in Africa (Iwuchukwu and Marinus, 79). However, with intensified religious activities to wi n over more souls, this unity is currently hanging in the balance.The contented relationship between Islam and Christianity, particularly catholicism, has also played a role in the countys leadership. The politicians have split the Nigerian population on the basis of religion and not tribal basis. The choice of who becomes the president is between the Muslims and Christian communities. In the Past national elections, the race was between a Muslim president and a Christian president. The 2007 elections attracted Olusegun Obasanjo, a Christian, and Umaru Yar Adua, a Muslim (Tajudeen et. Al, 49). The recent 2015 elections saw the Presidential race being completed by Jonathan Good luck, a Christian (Catholic), against Buhari, a Muslim.The distinct geographical location of Muslims and Catholics has made the conflict even worse. The religious extremists born out of this conflict have been responsible for thousands of deaths in the country. The latest extremist group Boko Haram allied to t he Islamic sides has carried out multiple attacks in the country. The group is responsible for the deaths of thousands of Christians in Nigeria (Okoro, 104).The Islamic Extremist group is one of the many uprisings in the world mostly targeting the Christian populations. They carry attacks in Christian dominated areas including churches where women, children, and men are murdered by bombing, using grenades or even mass shooting. This attacks against Christians have caused division among the residents as well as the ruling class.There are various attacks that have happened in Nigeria in recent years. In 2000, there were riots by Christians when the Muslims northerners changed their legal systems to sharia law. The changes in legal systems introduced punishments against wrongdoers in Islamic states. Such punishments included Amputations as well as death by stoning for those who went against what the Sharia law demands. The anti-religious riots claimed the lives of over 100 people. In 2 002, there were other anti-religious riots where the Muslim community was against the holding of Miss World competition in their country. The claimed that such a function is what the Quran teaches. This riot claimed the lived of over 200 people.In recent years, there have been reports of alliances being formed by Islamic leaders. The Nigerian media alleged that the Islamic leaders were preparing a jihad. The Islamic leaders were against what they alleged as mistreatment of Muslims against a Christian President (Nathaniel and Abubakar,64). They complained that a Christian president had ruled for a long time, and the Muslim community had suffered victimization and mistreatment in the regime of a Christian ruler.The continued intolerance prompted the former Head of Catholic Church, Pope John Paul II to appoint a powerful cleric to intervene on behalf of Catholics and Christians as a whole. Cardinal Francis Arinze was appointed to lead the Catholic Church in Nigeria as well to change ho w different religions viewed each other. The cardinal intervened by addressing issues that were a common problem with all religions. Catholics and Muslims are against sexual permissiveness as well as contraception (Nyamnjoh and Francis, 235). He focused on these issues as a way of uniting the antagonizing religion groupings. He achieved this by addressing crowds of people comprising both Christians and Muslims.Authentic dialog demands that Muslims and Christians accept one another with all their similarities. Muslim-Christian relations are challenged and obstructed by religious fanaticism or extremism. Despite the intervention of Religious leaders, extremism is on the rise and each side confront the other for enhancing their religion. Different countries are facing the problems of extremists. This is caused by by the fear of their religion being encroached by the clerics of the sides (Nyamnjoh and Francis, 235).. Some of the Muslim clerics have protested when evangelical chur ches hold mass gatherings to preach and teach about Christianity. They are against what they term as too much evangelization . They feel that their Christian counterparts are on a mission to win converts to join their religion.Furthermore, the Catholics are also worried about the rapid spread of Islam in Nigeria. They are also worried by the rapid expansion of religious boundaries towards the south. The south in dominated by Christians and this expansion of boundaries shows that Christians are leaving their religion and joining Islam. This is a factor that has motivated the formation of extremist groups to fight against each other (Nathaniel and Abubakar,64).Conflict in Catholic and Muslim beliefsThe conflict between the Catholics and Islam is due to the different beliefs and practices. One of this beliefs is on the issue of polygamy. According to the Islamic religion, men are allowed to marry up to three wives. This practice is usually contested by the Catholics. According to th e Catholic practices, men are only allowed to marry one wife. Catholics who go contrary to this doctrine are usually expelled from the church since it is against their teachings. There is also a content in beliefs on whether clerics or religion leaders should marry (Nathaniel and Abubakar,64). According to the Vatican rules, Cardinals and other Catholic Priests are not supposed to get married nor get involved in sexual relations with women. However, some priests have gone against this rule, and this has resulted in their expulsion from the Catholic Church. Muslim clerics are allowed to marry up to three wives, u...

System Tray Delphi Application

Take a look at your Task Bar. See the area where the time is located? Are there any other icons there? The place is called the Windows System Tray. Would you like to place your Delphi applications icon there? Would you like that icon to be animated - or reflect the state of your application? This would be useful for programs that are left running for long periods of time with no user interaction (background tasks you typically keep running on your PC all day long). What you can do is to make your Delphi applications look as if they are minimizing to the Tray (instead of to the Task Bar, right to the Win Start button) by placing an icon in the tray and simultaneously making your form(s) invisible. Lets Tray It Fortunately, creating an application that runs in the system tray is pretty easy - only one (API) function, Shell_NotifyIcon, is needed to accomplish the task. The function is defined in the ShellAPI unit and requires two parameters. The first is a flag indicating whether the icon is being added, modified, or removed, and the second is a pointer to a TNotifyIconData structure holding the information about the icon. That includes the handle of the icon to show, the text to show as  a tool tip when the mouse is over the icon, the handle of the window that will receive the messages of the icon and the message type the icon will send to this window. First, in your main forms Private section put the line:TrayIconData: TNotifyIconData; type TMainForm class(TForm) procedure FormCreate(Sender: TObject); private TrayIconData: TNotifyIconData; { Private declarations }public{ Public declarations }end; Then, in your main forms OnCreate method, initialize the TrayIconData data structure and call the Shell_NotifyIcon function: with TrayIconData dobegin cbSize : SizeOf(TrayIconData); Wnd : Handle; uID : 0; uFlags : NIF_MESSAGE NIF_ICON NIF_TIP; uCallbackMessage : WM_ICONTRAY; hIcon : Application.Icon.Handle; StrPCopy(szTip, Application.Title); end; Shell_NotifyIcon(NIM_ADD, TrayIconData); The Wnd parameter of the TrayIconData structure points to the window that receives notification messages associated with an icon.   The hIcon points to the icon we want to add to the Tray - in this case, Applications main icon is used.The szTip holds the Tooltip text to display for the icon - in our case the title of the application. The szTip can hold up to 64 characters.The uFlags parameter is set to tell the icon to process application messages, use the applications icon and its tip. The uCallbackMessage points to the application-defined message identifier. The system uses the specified identifier for notification messages that it sends to the window identified by Wnd whenever a mouse event occurs in the bounding rectangle of the icon. This parameter is set to WM_ICONTRAY constant defined in the interface section of the forms unit and equals: WM_USER 1; You add the icon to the Tray by calling the Shell_NotifyIcon API function. The first parameter NIM_ADD adds an icon to the Tray area. The other two possible values, NIM_DELETE and NIM_MODIFY are used to delete or modify an icon in the Tray - well see how later in this article. The second parameter we send to the Shell_NotifyIcon is the initialized TrayIconData structure. Take One If you RUN your project now youll see an icon near the Clock in the Tray. Note three things.   1) First, nothing happens when you click (or do anything else with the mouse) on the icon placed in the Tray - we havent created a procedure (message handler), yet.2) Second, there is a button on the Task Bar (we obviously dont want it there).3) Third, when you close your application, the icon remains in the Tray. Take Two Lets solve this backward. To have the icon removed from the Tray when you exit the application, you have to call the Shell_NotifyIcon again, but with the NIM_DELETE as the first parameter. You do this in the OnDestroy event handler for the Main form. procedure TMainForm.FormDestroy(Sender: TObject);begin Shell_NotifyIcon(NIM_DELETE, TrayIconData);end; To hide the application (applications button) from the Task Bar well use a simple trick. In the Projects source code add the following line: Application.ShowMainForm : False; before the Application.CreateForm(TMainForm, MainForm); E.g let it look like: ...begin Application.Initialize; Application.ShowMainForm : False; Application.CreateForm(TMainForm, MainForm); Application.Run;end. And finally, to have our Tray icon respond to mouse events, we need to create a message handling procedure. First, we declare a message handling procedure in the public part of the form declaration: procedure TrayMessage(var Msg: TMessage); message WM_ICONTRAY; Second, the definition of this procedure looks like: procedure TMainForm.TrayMessage(var Msg: TMessage);begincase Msg.lParam of WM_LBUTTONDOWN: begin ShowMessage(Left button clicked - lets SHOW the Form!); MainForm.Show; end; WM_RBUTTONDOWN: begin ShowMessage(Right button clicked - lets HIDE the Form!); MainForm.Hide; end; end;end; This procedure is designed to handle only our message, the WM_ICONTRAY. It takes the LParam value from the message structure which can give us the state of the mouse upon the activation of the procedure. For the sake of simplicity well handle only left mouse down (WM_LBUTTONDOWN) and right mouse down (WM_RBUTTONDOWN). When the left mouse button is down on the icon we show the main form, when the right button is pressed we hide it. Of course, there are other mouse input messages you can handle in the procedure, like, button up, button double click etc. Thats it. Quick and easy. Next,  youll see how to animate the icon in the Tray and how to have that icon reflect the state of your application. Even more, youll see how to display a pop-up menu near the icon.

Modern Technology And Its Impact On Society - 1684 Words

The increase in modern technology has greatly impacted society, as it is a major cause of distraction within people’s lives. Cell phones, tablets and laptops have become everyday necessities to many people. Although these technologies are built to assist individuals with tasks and give them easy access to information, they also have many detrimental impacts. Individuals need to understand that preventative measures must be taken and become more knowledgeable of the possible threats that are associated with the use of technology. Everyone around us seems to be absorbed by a â€Å"technologically mediated† world (Aagaard,â€Å"What drives technology† 223). Modern day technologies result in the loss of focus and causes harmful impacts on the road, in academics, in various social interactions, in people’s perception of reality and external surroundings. Technology-based distractions continue to increase, and as a result, society faces many harmful repercussion s due to the rise. Cell phones are known to be the number one common distraction for drivers. Drivers become more engaged into their own cell-phone than concentrating on the road and surroundings while driving. In the years of 2009 and 2010, a survey was conducted on technology based driver distraction engagement in an Accident Analysis and Prevention article. Drivers were questioned on certain distracted driving habits. The majority of people who were studied knew of the harms caused in using technology while driving however,Show MoreRelatedModern Technology And Its Impact On Modern Society Essay1960 Words   |  8 Pages Modern technology has undoubtedly had a profound impact on contemporary society. However, critics of modern technology emphasize that modern technology has had deleterious effects on young Americans. In The Dumbest Generation: How the Digital Age Stupefies Young Americans and Jeopardizes Our Future: Or, Don t Trust Anyone under 30, Mark Bauerlein attempts to argu e that the young Americans of contemporary society are increasingly unintelligent as a result of modern technology, but fails to elaborateRead MoreThe Impact Of Technology On Modern Society Essay1457 Words   |  6 PagesOur world is constantly changing. One aspect that seems to change the most rapidly and frequently is technology. Technology impacts every aspect of modern society. All industries rely on technology in one way or another, however, the impact of technology is more apparent in the field of healthcare and medicine. In relevance to pharmacy, modern technology has changed the structure and organization of the entire medical field (Banova, 2013). In the field of pharmacy, there are a multitude of differentRead MoreModern Technology And Its Impact On Society903 Words   |  4 PagesBefore modern technology, men would band together for the protection of their families. History has proven people group together for survival, whether that be warmth, food, or protection. The idea was that a group is stronger and more profitable than one person acting alone. Each tribe or gathering of individuals working together is considered a society. A society is nothing more than a group of people living together for a common purpose, or simply because it is more convenient. But, if all societiesRead MoreTechnology And Its Impact On Modern Society2188 Words   |  9 Pages In the past century, society has seen great leaps in technology that has connected people together more than ever, it has saved lives and continues to make day to day life simply easier to navigate. However, there are consequences to these advances. With people clamoring every year to get their hands on the newest iteration of their electronic devices, whether it be the latest iPhone, a more advanced computer or a high-definition television society must confront the problems it has created by itsRead MoreThe Impact Of Modern Day Technology On Modern Society1790 Words   |  8 PagesToday in our modern society, technology has become such an important part of our lives, that it has even become part of our language, as certain aspects of modern day technology are being used as adjectives and verbs. One example is ‘Googling’, or when was the last time you ‘Googled’ some information. In our modern society, trends and technology become such a large part of every day life that people start to use them as verbs and adjectives. For example, when s the last time you Googled somethingRead MoreThe Impact Of Modern Technology On Us And Our Society Essay1704 Words   |  7 PagesThe Impact of the Modern Technology on us and our society. Today it is hard to imagine what our lives would look like without the technology that surrounds us, it is even harder to imagine what our lives would be with the technological advancements that begun to take shape during the industrial revolution that, begun in England during the 18th century. The industrial revolution brought on many changes into humans everyday lives, allowing us as mankind to increasingly become smarter, faster andRead MoreInformation Technology And Its Impact On Modern Society1952 Words   |  8 PagesInformation technology touches almost every aspect of modern human life. It can help with diverse industries such as healthcare, petroleum and energy, finance etc. Information technology enables seamless integration and communication between businesses all over the world. To keep IT systems running smoothly, a large workforce is required to maintain networks, information security and software. With the constant innovation in IT, there is a plethora of varied jo bs in this industry. The profiles rangesRead MoreTechnology And Its Impact On Society1198 Words   |  5 PagesTechnology is used on a daily basis to accomplish specific tasks or interests. Modern technology increases human capabilities and this technology has evolved with years. Technology simplifies life in so many ways and everyone defines technology in their own way. They’re new types of technology on the market, this technology simplifies our daily lives. They’re endless demands as consumers of technology, people use technology to accomplish simple tasks every day. Technology’s used in business, educationRead MoreModern Technology Is Simply An Advancement Of Old Technology,1231 Words   |  5 PagesModern technology is simply an advancement of old technology, the impact of technology in modern life is unmeasurable, we use technology in different ways and sometimes the way we implement various technologies ends up harming our lives or the society we leave in. What we call modern technology is technically not so new in most cases. For example, mobile phone technology has evolved with years, nowadays we use smartphones which have been an advancement of an ordinary mobile phone. Technology is appliedRead MoreResults of Advancements in Technology Essay811 Words   |  4 PagesIn today’s society, modern technology is evidently developing rapidly and it is portrayed as a negative impact. It can be seen that technology is a substitution of all characteristics of life. The purpose of every technological invention is to benefit the lives of mankind; thus re-enforcing the positive connotation of technology. However, in long term it may not be beneficial; such as, education, work and leisure are all becoming dependent on technology; cyberspace is dangerous and child obesity

Diversification and Excellence in Corporate Strategy †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Diversification and Excellence in Corporate Strategy. Answer: Introduction This assignment is based on the organization Google and its operational activities. The sarcasm lies in the fact that if someone is asked the definition of Google then he will have to take the help of Google only. If the Google search engine is used for its definition then the probable answers can be, a widely used search engine that uses certain methods and techniques to find out the results relevant to the searches made by the user (Brett et al., 2017). Google has transformed itself gradually from the searches of the primary words to widely known words. The webpage of the Google is set as the standard benchmark for the assessment of most of the internet companies. The success that has been achieved by Google has become possible as it has utilized its competencies to face the challenges strategically in order to be the leading technological innovators globally. This can be considered as a remarkable achievement if the present global crisis in the economy is paid attention. It also p uts emphasis on the interdependent relationship between globalization and technology. If the financial report of the competitors of Google can be reviewed then it can be seen that Google had not only taken care of its own progress but also led the market in sharing data and growth categories. It has achieved the second position in the all round category of profitability. The previous figures and numbers of Google have given the competitors a tough competition in the run for finance and market share. In order to analyze the competitive industries that the company Google operates in cannot be specified using a fixed code (Cordray et al, 2015). It has a diversified portfolio which is spread in the vast arena of products and services which have evolved around the opportunities that are brought in by the internet. So it can be an extremely ineffective discussion about the aspects of the strategies of Google which are associated with the two most outstanding offerings of web search and advertising. For the reasons that are mentioned above, an overview of the external environment of Google industry can be well attained by the main competitors such as Yahoo, Apple and Microsoft that are faced by the company in its offerings arena. The competitive environment of Google is complex as different markets and industries are involved with their separate set of challenges and competitors (Cusumano, 2016). To analyze the external environment of the organization, PESTLE can be used which takes into consideration the political, economical, social, technological, legal and environmental perspective. Political factors- it is a widespread statement that Google follows monopoly. This system has led to mistrust of action and it had been called for changing the way in which it carries out the operational activities. Criticism has also given rise to the fact that Google has tried to control their power over the flow of information. So the technical experts have observed the fact that the search results provided by Google can influence the outcome of election. Economic factors- By accumulating a lot of finance, there lay a risk of inflation for Google. If there is a chance of drop in the currency value, then it would immediately affect the organizational value. The cash accumulated by the company can be threatening for the currency market and the exchange rates (Edelman Geradin, 2016). Social factors- With the decrease in the use of primitive computers or laptops, the company value will be affected. It has been reported that the increase in the use of social media applications such as Face book and Whatsapp for those activities which were previously done on the internet including video streaming, search, online shopping and money transfer. Technological factors- The technological factors that have affected the business of Google include the increase in the use of mobile devices for connecting to the internet. The popular competitors of Google who have introduced search algorithms include Microsoft and Amazon. With the increasing affinity for the social media solutions and instant messaging services have changed the way in which Google used to conduct its business (Encheva Pedersen, 2014). Legal factors- Google have already penetrated the highly regulated fields such as insurance, finance, automobiles and communications. This system is responsible for putting up severe limitations on its operational activities. The cost of liabilities might increase with Googles entry in the field of insurance and the experiments done with the delivery services. Environmental factors- The business model of Google is totally reliable on the data centers and the other infrastructure of internet which consumes a lot of electricity. Therefore the efforts put for controlling global warming is to encourage the use of expensive sources of green energy for producing electricity to increase the operating cost of Google. The BCG matrix can also be used as one of the strategies for analyzing the external environment of the Google organization. The BCG or the Boston Consulting Group analysis is a portfolio diagram which includes cash cows, dogs, question marks and stars. The cash cows are considered when the company has high market share in a slow industry. The dogs refer to a low market share in a slow but developed industry. The question marks consider those businesses which are functioning with a low market share in the high growth market. Finally, stars are those units with a high market share in the fast industry (Erhemjamts, Li Venkateswaran, 2013). The cash cows in the matrix are the search engine of Google is widely used and a reliable source since its inception. The product has been responsible for bringing in constant revenue. The stars in the matrix include the applications such as Gmail, Blogger, Google maps, and Google docs, Android, Advertising and YouTube. The question marks represent the Chrome book which refers to the new product and the uncertainty of its success or failure that is attached to it. The dog in the analysis signifies Google Mar and Google TV which were unable to reach the expectation of the market share (Gamble Thompson, 2014). Internal Environment The internal environment involves those events and styles inside the organization which has an impact on the management, employees and the culture of the organization. The statement that is provided by Google about organizing the world to make universal and useful information globally accessible, throws light on the fact that the organization is less interested in maximizing its profit and at the same time works hard to meet up to the expectations of the customers by providing a high quality product. That is why, Google delivers high value product which meets the consumer needs with a quick and efficient action. According to the organization, the place where they are placed currently has been possible for their customers (Taufick, 2015). They have gained this position because of their strategy to hire smart and confident people who might not be experienced but able enough. The employees of the organization might share a common goal and objective although they belong to different cult ural background, speak a variety of languages and come from different parts of the world. They put maximum effort to maintain the organizational culture keeping in mind the different race and background of the employees which provides an effective internal environment to work for. The strategic analysis of Google serves at a direction which is different from the external forces applied in the industry environment. Therefore, Porters five forces are used for clarifying the direction strategically. After it was established in 1998, Google has attained a prestigious position in the industry for instance, online advertising market. Being such a large enterprise Google has around 57000 employees in various locations all around the globe. When the five forces model of Porter is used for analyzing the current business scenario of Google, the characteristics of the companys industry environment can be easily determined. The consistent success of the organization lies on the basis of the organizations ability to consider the internal factors (Team, 2014). The five forces analysis of the internal environment of Google involves- strong competitive rivalry from the competitors; weak bargaining from the side of the buyers; weak bargaining power of the suppliers; moderate threat of substitutes and moderate threats of the new entrants. On the basis of Porters five forces analysis, the competition from the rivals of the company is considered as a strong factor for the company. The factors of the threats of substitution along with the threat of new entrants are considered as moderate factors in the internal environment of the Google industry. The bargaining power from the buyers and the suppliers are considered as the least significant factors of the industry environment. Competitive rivalry is the strong force faced by the Google organization. Under the analysis by Porters five forces, the competition from the rival companies have restricted the growth and development of the firm. The factors that are a part of strong competitive rivalry are- large number of firms, large diversity of firms and low costs for switching. The bargaining powers of the buyers are poor in encouraging the business of Google (Stevenson, 2014). In the particular analysis model, a weak external force has minimum consideration while making strategic decisions. The small size of the buyers is considered as weak force; high and increasing expectation and demand from the buyers are also considered as weak force; the moderate quality of information refers to the moderate force of the analysis. Every individual buyer only makes a little contribution in the revenue gaining of Google, thus applies only a weak force on the company. The moderate quality of information actually implies the limited knowledge of the customers. For instance, the advertisers might access the analytics but those data will be limited to inform the advertisers regarding the dynamics and complexity of the environment of online advertising (Team, 2014). Bargaining power of suppliers is weak when it comes to the organization, Google. In the given analysis of Porters five forces, it is seen that when there comes a method of selection among the suppliers, then the bargaining power is weak. The weak effect of force is applied on the organization due to high availability of supply and large population of suppliers. The large availability of the supply mixed with the wide population of suppliers reduces the effect of the bargaining power of an individual supplier in the business plan of Google (Steiber Alnge, 2013). Moderate threats of substitution are experienced by Google that involves advertising channels for instance radio, TV and print media. The factors that are considered by Google in this respect are low switching costs and moderate to high availability of substitutes both of which are considered as the moderate force in the organization. The low switching costs is easy for the customers to shift from the Googles advertising services towards the substitute services. In this model of porters five forces, a moderate force is exerted on the business of Google (Shaw Graham, 2017). Therefore the all round effect of the factors provides moderate threat of substitution against the products and services of Google. Threats of new entry have moderate effect on the business model of Google. The new entrants can come in the form of new ventures and investments of huge technology companies and also the start- up companies which deliver the similar products as that of Google. In this five forces model of Porter, the factors that contribute to the moderate threat of new entrants include moderate cost of conducting the business. The weak force is exerted on the high cost of brand development whereas strong force is applicable on the regulatory requirements which can be easily fulfilled. The moderate cost of conducting a business refers to the fact that a certain number of start- up companies and some other firms can penetrate the market to come in competition with Google. Moreover, it is easy to fulfill the regulatory requirements thus, providing an easy way for the new entrants to get connected and compete with Google (Shaughnessy, 2014). But due to the high cost of brand development, it might be dif ficult for some start- up companies and the other firms to sustain a long- term operation and also because Google has already become one of the leading and popular brands in the world. Business- level strategy At present, Google has been pursuing the generic level strategy of differentiation in the business by providing different products and services which are unique in their own way and appealing to the customers. The web search engine of Google is the most famous service offered by it which helps the user to get hold of a reliable way for searching. The biggest advantage of the differentiation business strategy of Google is the establishment of the loyalty of the customers. The current figure of Googles web search engine is 66% with respect to the worldwide internet searches. The customers are consistently using the Google search engine for the ease and reliability of the search results (Schmidt Rosenberg, 2014). Google has launched its new service Google Instant which decreases the required time of search and provide the customers with more predictions and better dynamic results. This service was actually provided by Bing and Google has won over the competitive advantage because the time required in searching in Google is much less compared to Bing. Also, the instant effect on the cost of paid searches in the search engines was used to be higher than the competitors. But then recently the pricing strategy has been revised by Google and has become moderate as compared to its competitors which have given the company with competitive advantage. The prevalent market of the Google search has continued to observe modification in trends and styles because of the expansion in the market of internet user and their diversified needs. The strategic direction has been considered as product development and market penetration along with diversification in the market (Rushdi Kamal, 2014). Corporate- level strategy Googles functionality of web search is the vital feature of internet which is crucial for their business. The programmers and engineers employed in the company contribute most of their time to make relevant page rankings and search results. They follow the four prime types of corporate strategies which include stability, growth, retrenchment and combination strategies. Google uses stability approach to make a steady position for them (Perlin et al., 2017). They are able to focus on their resources and develop a competitive advantage in the market by using this approach. They have also used the sustainable growth strategy which will help them to remain in the market for a long time. The retrenchment strategies involve different stages such as turnover, disinvestment and liquidation strategy. This approach is used when the companys survival is at risk, so this is not applicable in the case of Google. Combination strategies are the integration of all the three approaches of stability, retrenchment and growth in a simultaneous or sequential way. Google has strictly adhered to these corporate level strategies to cope up with the vibrant and constantly changing environment. They have used the strategy of innovation which has developed their brand loyalty by making modifications and at the same time making way for an open- source environment. They have in creased their total corporate value by implementing the aforesaid corporate strategies. The strategies can be termed ass corporate strategic planning because it engages strategic planning at a corporate level. Google has been able to win over the competitors such as Microsoft, Yahoo and other search engines because of the four elements of speed, relevance, user experience and comprehensiveness (Pamuk, 2016). Google has succeeded in gaining momentum because of their innovations such as PageRank Technology and Hypertext- Matching Analysis. Therefore, Google has been able to stick to its position since its establishment because they have always depended upon their innovation and focused on improving their new competitive advantages. Merger and Acquisition Strategies Google is technically the most creative acquirers of in the technology space. They have spent a lot of money, around 10 billion dollars to acquire 180 companies. But the fact is that the existence of a constant Google merger and acquisition strategies seemed to be impossible (Ludolph, Allam Schulz, 2016). They focus on three elements in their merger and acquisition strategy, people, businesses which are associated with the main search of Google and the strategic investments for the future of technology. As per an article published in Time regarding the acquisition strategy of the company, it had hired 221 fresh founders in 8 years of acquisition. They have always looked for talent while implementing the acquisition strategy. Their previous records showed that they have always acquired great people who are expert in their own domain. These people have been responsible for delivering a unique product which offers a strong value proposition. The fact is that Google will influence the potential of their brand as well as their steady management team for acquiring start ups and take an advanced step in their mission. Their insatiable hunger have them one of the most aggressive tech giant when it comes to using of merger and acquisition strategies for growth and development. Google had started merger and acquisitions from 2010 and had spent around $28 billion on it (Lin Yazdanifard, 2014). Out of the 187 mergers, those that became the turning point in the business model of Google are as follows. When Android merged with Google it became one of their best deals. Their open source operating system was worked upon for improvisation and involved in the competitive run with the iOS. The motive behind this was not only to make Android a Operating system but a software ecosystem totally independent from hardware and freely accessible to the developers. Similarly, the acquisition with YouTube, Where 2 Technologies, Applied Semantic s and Waze proved to be extremely beneficial for the company. Cooperative Strategies Google, the internet monster, has created a record of $22.9 billion by means of their advertising revenue and thus became the indubitable leader in the market of Internet search (Levinson Salinger, 2014). Their market share had suggested a terrible increase of more $1000 per share. Their share had increased by 1200% in less than 10 years. Their strategy is to arrange the global information and make it accessible world- wide. Their primary mission has always been to enable a successful search technology which has expanded their product and services much beyond internet search. Their cooperative strategies are remarkable and an achievement which is worthy of imitation by the competitors. The operation of Google takes place in a competitive environment. With their wide range of products and services they face stiff competition from organizations of various industries. Their sustainable competitive advantage is obvious in certain ways, especially in their superior infrastructure. In the earliest forms, the search engine of Google had received critical commendation being in the list of top 100 websites and search engines in the year 1998 (Kunz, 2016). The number of searches increased from the following years which increased from 10000 to 500000 on a daily basis. Google started to refine their search engines from and improvised their new and innovative features. In a single year, they had 516 improvements such as Instant search which gives effective results. Without any doubt, it can be regarded as the best search engine which gives tough competition to the competitors such as Microsofts Bing and Yahoo Search. They have to control more than 3 billion daily searches which account for 67% market share. On the other hand, Bing and Yahoo account for 16% and 13% market share respectively. They follow the strategy of expanding their range of services and tools which will enable sustainable competitive advantage (Johnson et al., 2016). They also follow the strategy of resource based view with the intention of gaining sustainable advantage by fulfilling the criteria of being valuable, rare, imperfectly imitable and non- substitutable (VRIN). Their cooperative strategies and use of resources have helped them to attain sustainable competitive advantage. International Strategies Google is one of the widely used search engine which is spread in around 144 countries. They have a market share of 60% in the world requests of search engines. As it was originated in the United States, therefore it has a 10% higher market share in Europe than in the US. They have around 20 US based offices, 13 in Asia- Pacific, 26 in Europe, 3 in Canada and Latin America each and 5 offices in the Middle East. Google has also planned to rapidly expand their broad area of new markets. They can easily do so because there lays simplicity in their user interface and assessment of their back- office operations have enabled them to increase quickly. They have become a popular global brand with their 70 offices located in US few years back (Geradin Edelman, 2016). In duration of 10 years, Google has developed their international structure of marketing to build its presence in more than 144 countries. The presence ranged from simple representational offices to complicated partnerships with the competitors in foreign countries. Their mission arranging the worldly information and the accessibility to one and all has enabled them to be a brand which is not only identified in the English speaking countries but on the worldly basis. There is a long list of language specific Google applications and the length at which they deliver the culturally relevant applications shows their excellence in international marketing. They have understood the requirement for an international internet media provider and have taken over approximately 50 companies for expanding their services. This in turn will be transformed for their internally acclaimed exportable business. Although all the internet media applications of Google are not available in all the countries, but the extent to which the English speaking users dominate the internet can be easily understood. The company has an intention to continue their spread in the foreign countries for offering a satisfactory internet experience all over the world (George, 2014). Conclusion Therefore it can be concluded from the assignment that the company Google has experienced a long journey from its simple business to business giant in the internet sector. It has to face tough competition in almost all the industries that is under its control, but the main trans- industry challenge has come from the icons of digital age such as Apple, Microsoft and Yahoo. Although Google has an excellent position in terms of technology, finance and culture, they still have to cross a lot of barriers. Such barriers take the shape of growth for their movable platform, a consistently weakening situation in China and the increasing action on the user privacy that are unaddressed, could be threatening for the status of Google. They have faced a rapidly transforming world and a technological landscape that is in constant move. Their strategy of providing the premium services to the end users has won over the computing hearts and brain without any extra cost. Moreover, due to the thorough a nd undiversified revenue stream, it is important to continue innovation, by keeping the ears on the ground and not rely only on the present strong base. Reference Brett, J., Brett, J., Pilcher, L., Pilcher, L., Sell, L. C., Sell, L. C. (2017). A new approach to China: Google and censorship in the Chinese market. Kellogg School of Management Cases, 1-18. Cordray, C., Link, D., Chart, R., Ginter, K. (2015).U.S. Patent No. 9,077,611. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Cusumano, M. A. (2016). Is Google's alphabet a good bet?.Communications of the ACM,60(1), 22-25. Edelman, B., Geradin, D. (2016). Android and competition law: exploring and assessing Googles practices in mobile.European Competition Journal,12(2-3), 159-194. Encheva, L., Pedersen, I. (2014). One Day': Google's Project Glass, integral reality and predictive advertising.Continuum,28(2), 235-246. Erhemjamts, O., Li, Q., Venkateswaran, A. (2013). Corporate social responsibility and its impact on firms investment policy, organizational structure, and performance.Journal of Business Ethics,118(2), 395-412. Faktor, S. (2013). Deconstructing Google's Strategy: Will Google Eat Your Business Next.Abgerufen am,21, 2014. Gamble, J. E., Thompson, A. A. (2014). Essentials of strategic management. Irwin Mcgraw-Hill. George, S. (2014). Google Inc.: Not just a search engine, but an engine of strategic product diversification and excellence in corporate strategy.International Journal of Advanced Research in Management and Social Sciences,3(2), 62-81. Geradin, D., Edelman, B. (2016). Android and competition law: Exploring and assessing Googles practices in mobile.European Competition Journal, 1-36. Johnson, M., Schuster, M., Le, Q. V., Krikun, M., Wu, Y., Chen, Z., ... Hughes, M. (2016). Google's multilingual neural machine translation system: enabling zero-shot translation.arXiv preprint arXiv:1611.04558. Kunz, S. (2016).Google's Impact on Tomorrow's Mobility: A Tech Giant as a Game Changer for an Entire Industry: an Empirical-based Forecast of the Business Strategy of the World's Biggest Search Engine. Svenja Kunz. Levinson, R. J., Salinger, M. A. (2014). Economic Considerations Raised by the Federal Trade Commission's Investigation of Google's Search Practices.Competition Pol'y Int'l,10, 102-346. Lin, C. O. Y., Yazdanifard, R. (2014). How Google's new algorithm, Hummingbird, promotes content and inbound marketing.American journal of industrial and business management,4(1), 51. Ludolph, R., Allam, A., Schulz, P. J. (2016). Manipulating Googles Knowledge Graph box to counter biased information processing during an online search on vaccination: application of a technological debiasing strategy.Journal of medical Internet research,18(6). Pamuk, O. (2016).What is the strategy behind Google's inroad in the Internet of things(Master's thesis, UHasselt). Perlin, M. S., Caldeira, J. F., Santos, A. A., Pontuschka, M. (2017). Can we predict the financial markets based on Google's search queries?.Journal of Forecasting,36(4), 454-467. Rushdi, Y. A. K., Kamal, A. N. (2014). A Evaluation of Googles Organisational Recruitment Culture.Management,4(4), 98-101. Schmidt, E., Rosenberg, J. (2014).How google works. Hachette UK. Shaughnessy, H. (2014). Google's Perfect, Future-Proof Marketing Strategy For Google Glass. Shaw, J., Graham, M. (2017). An Informational Right to the City? Code, Content, Control, and the Urbanization of Information.Antipode. Steiber, A., Alnge, S. (2013). A corporate system for continuous innovation: the case of Google Inc.European Journal of Innovation Management,16(2), 243-264. Stevenson, J. H. (2014). The Master Switch and the Hyper Giant: Google's Infrastructure and Network Neutrality Strategy in the 2000s. Taufick, R. (2015). Fair use and the antitrust case in the Google Books project.Browser Download This Paper. Team, T. (2014). Google's Strategy Behind The $3.2 Billion Acquisition Of Nest Labs.Forbes. com,1(17), 2013.

Role of Women in Things Fall Apart Essay Example

Role of Women in Things Fall Apart Essay Women in the Ibo society are lower in the hierarchy than men; however, they are still holders of very important roles in the Ibo society. Women seem to be useless and without any power, but at a further look into their role, a bigger significance is revealed. Even though wife beating is allowed and women are discriminated in several other ways, they still possess significant roles, such as householders, educators of the children and caretakers of crops. Women also function as spiritual leaders and other important roles in the Ibo religion. Women in â€Å"Things Fall Apart† are in general thought of as the weaker sex. At a first glance, women are the laborers, and the producers of children. They are not respected as real people, but are more just the men’s property. All they have to do is to be good housewives, and make sure to please their husband at all times. For this reason, women have no identity of their own; but are defined by the status or position of their husband. Women are discriminated in several ways throughout the novel. As an example on page 21, Okonkwo beats up his first wife for not returning home to cook the afternoon meal. We will write a custom essay sample on Role of Women in Things Fall Apart specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Role of Women in Things Fall Apart specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Role of Women in Things Fall Apart specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In this specific example, he has to pay a penalty for beating up his wife during the ‘week of peace’, although it seems perfectly normal and acceptable for the men to beat up their wives on other times of the year. Similarly, it is okay for the men to talk down to the women, and treat them however they want. The men are in control, and women have no say when it comes to decision-making around the house. It is an insult for a man to be called a woman. For instance, Okonkwo call his own father, Unoka, a woman because of the way he lived, taking loans and surviving in debts. He is ashamed of him and of being his son, so Unoka is only worth the title of a female. Another example is where Okonkwo kills his new ‘son’, Ikemefuma and command himself to not â€Å"become like a shivering old woman. † (45) He doesn’t want to appear weak to the people, and ‘a shivering old woman’ is the equivalent of weak. But, women have important roles in the society as well, so the characterization made so far is rather limiting. Women are, first off, the primary educators of the children. Through storytelling and using their own experiences, they educate the kids and socialize them at the same time. They are also the only labor when it comes to cooking and taking care of the household. In addition to these roles, we also observe women doing other stuff of importance throughout the novel. As an example, â€Å"the women weeded the farm three times at definite periods in the life of the yams, neither early or late. (24) This is a really important job, because if it’s done incorrectly, the yam harvest will fail. Sometimes women take spiritual roles in the novel. Chielo, the priestess of Agbala, the Oracle of the hill and the Caves (49) is a good example of this. She is the priestess in the novel, and her authority is unquestioned. When she comes to pick up Enzinma, Okonkwo asks her to come back the next day instead, but she disagrees; Beware Okonkwo! she warned. Beware of exchanging words with Agbala. Does a man speak when a god speaks? Beware! (71) She is not only going against Okonkwo’s will, but also threatening him at the same time. As a respond, Okonkwo does nothing but accepts it and shows respect because of her spiritual role as priestess. This is the only time in the novel that Okonkwo plead with anyone, male or female. Another example of a woman possessing a spiritual role in the Ibo religion could be the earth goddess, Ani. Ani played a greater part in the life of the people than any other deity. She was the ultimate judge of morality and conduct. And what more, she was in close communion with the departed fathers of the clan whose bodies had been committed to earth. † (26) It doesn’t make any sense that a society who views women as the weakest, would present their most powerful deity as a woman. Ani is very important to the Ibo society. The week of peace, for instance, is only to honor the earth goddess, so the crops will be okay. This statement is strongly supported by Okonkwo’s example when he breaks the peace of Ani and beats his wife. It all goes down to honor the women. On the whole, there’s a strong sense of repression of the women, but they still have great significance to the Ibo society. They fill out roles that the men are not able to fill out. They provide their labor to the household in form of cooking and cleaning, they teach the kids through storytelling and they help out in the crop fields as well. In religion they are honored more than men. Chielo and Ani’s roles as priestess and earth goddess, respectively, are of great contribution to the importance of women in the Ibo culture. To sum up, the culture and the religion wouldn’t survive without the women.

How Many Years a President Can Serve

How Many Years a President Can Serve U.S. presidents are limited to serving two elected four-year terms in the White House and as many as two years of another presidents term. That means the longest any president could serve is 10 years, though no one has been in the White House that long since Congress passed the constitutional amendment on term limits. How many years a president can serve in the White House is spelled out in the 22nd amendment  to the  U.S. Constitution, which states no person shall be elected to the office of the President more than twice. However, if an individual becomes president through the  order of succession they are allowed to serve an additional two years. Why Limited to 2 Terms The amendment defining limits on how many terms can a president serve was approved by Congress on March 21, 1947, during the administration of President Harry S. Truman. It was ratified by the states on Feb. 27, 1951. Before the 22nd Amendment, the Constitution did not limit the number of presidential terms to two, though many early presidents including George Washington imposed such a limit on themselves. Many argue that the 22nd Amendment merely put on paper the unwritten tradition held by presidents of retiring after two terms. Before the ratification of the 22nd Amendment, Democrat Franklin Delano Roosevelt was elected to four terms in the White House in 1932, 1936, 1940, and 1944. Roosevelt died less than a year into his fourth term, but he is the only president to have served more than two terms. Congressional Republicans proposed the 22nd Amendment in response to Roosevelts four election victories. Historians have written that the party felt such a move was the best way to invalidate and discredit the popular progressives legacy. Defined In 22nd Amendment The relevant section of the 22nd Amendment defining presidential terms  reads: No person shall be elected to the office of the President more than twice, and no person who has held the office of President, or acted as President, for more than two years of a term to which some other person was elected President shall be elected to the office of President more than once. American presidents are elected for four-year terms. While the 22nd Amendment limits presidents to two full terms in office, it also allows them to serve two years at most of another presidents term. That means the most any president can serve in the White House is 10 years. History The framers of the Constitution originally considered a lifetime appointment by Congress for the president. When this proposal failed, they discussed whether the president should be elected by either the Congress, the people, or something in between, such as the Electoral College (which was eventually chosen) and whether term limits should be imposed. The idea of an appointment by Congress, with the option for re-appointment, failed on the fear that a president could make an underhanded deal with Congress to get re-appointed. Cant Serve a 3rd Term Conspiracy theorists have through the years perpetuated the notion that power-hungry presidents try to find ways to win a third election. A few people even point to the wording of the 22nd Amendment, noting that it says no person shall be eligible to be elected to the office more than twice. Would this disqualify a former president from being elected vice president, then serving as president if the president died or resigned? Its unlikely any former president would run for the lower office of vice president to test the theory. Over the years, several lawmakers have proposed repealing the 22nd Amendment. Congressional opponents of the 22nd Amendment argue that it restricts voters from exercising their will. As Democratic U.S. Rep. John McCormack of Massachusetts proclaimed during a debate over the proposal: The framers of the Constitution considered the question and did not think they should tie the hands of future generations. I dont think we should. Although Thomas Jefferson favored only two terms, he specifically recognized the fact that situations could arise where a longer tenure would be necessary. One of the most high-profile opponents of the two-term limit for presidents was Republican President Ronald Reagan, who was elected to and served two terms in office. In a 1986 interview with The Washington Post, Reagan lamented the lack of focus on important issues and lame-duck presidents. I have come to the conclusion that the 22nd Amendment was a mistake, Reagan said. Shouldnt the people have the right to vote for someone as many times as they want to vote for him? They send senators up there for 30 or 40 years, congressmen the same. Sources Buckley, F.H. and Metzer, Gillian. â€Å"The 22nd Amendment of the U.S. Constitution.†Ã‚  National Constitution CenterCannon, Lou. â€Å"Short-Sighted Amendment.†Ã‚  The Washington Post, WP Company, 16 June 1986

Crminal Justice System of Singapore Research Paper

Crminal Justice System of Singapore - Research Paper Example Other relevant offences get created by statutes like the Abduction Act, Arms Crime Act, Vandalism Act as well as Abuse of Drugs Act. In Singapore, many activities considered relatively mild in other countries such as jaywalking, sale of chewing gum, littering, failing to flush toilets after use, possession of obscene material and sexual activities like oral and anal sex between men considered illegal thus perceived as a highly regulated society (Haas, 201). This burdensome act has led to Singapore having rare cases of the low occurrences of awful crimes in the universe. Singapore carries out both corporal punishments that are by caning offenders and capital punishment by hanging serious offenders. These punishments are necessary for certain offences. According to statistics, the country has one of the highest homicide rates in the sphere in relation to its population outstanding Saudi Arabia, for example, between the years 1991 and 2004, more than 400 people ended up executed most of them being drug peddlers. William Gibson a Science Fiction writer termed Singapore as Disneyland with the death penalty. In the 19th century, the criminal law received a discharge in the three Straits, Settlement of Singapore. At the period, there was slight suspicion that English general law offenses were accepted in these territories. Straits Settlement Penal Code was approved and came into operation in 16th September 1872 after problems like use of certain Indian Acts arose in 1871. The code is virtually a re- enactment of the Indian Penal Code. The main act in Singapore is the Penal Code. It relates to criminal law and has more than 500 units divided into 24 chapters. The Penal Code terms the fundamentals of every offence and recommends the maximum and sometimes the minimum penalties for the offence. The basic form of an offence has the lowest penalties, while other literary forms of the crime are defined as

Take-Home Exam final exam DIRECT MARKETING Term Paper - 1

Take-Home Exam final exam DIRECT MARKETING - Term Paper Example h agnostic channel of advertisements such as short messages services, mobile telephone, email, websites, flyers, online ads, magazines and newspapers, outdoor adverts, promotion letters and catalogs. It is a direct response form of communication as used in the MADD campaign. The marketing strategies used in the creation of the advert give an individual the urges to read the advert from top to the end. It is clear that the advert is for youths who are fond of driving under the influence of alcohol in the society. The mode of advertisement is online. The marketing strategy is important in designing and implementing a successful campaign in the social market. MADD has established appropriate elements of marketing o the social media to meet its objectives as far as the campaign is a concern. On the other hand, it has also minimized its ideas for easy understanding of the advert. This gives individual time and understanding of their main objective. The campaign advert is clear enough to give the organizational goal in regards to the targeted group. The first impression in relation to this campaign advert is that it gives individual full information on what is required. MADD identifies various problems related t drinking and driving. The campaign advert gives a robust strategy in setting out of the main points in regards to their requirements. Since the advert has no urgency in any way, the organization has taken time to state all their requirements and qualifications so as not to hire people who will not make their campaign a success. Since their main objective is to fight drunkard in the society especially on the road, they have highlighted it as the main point in every category of individuals they wish to hire. Even though they have faced criticism from various governmental and private bodies, they stood firm towards such critiques thus considers them challenges for their success. MADD mode of advertisement is up to standard as far as online marketing is concerned.

History, The Bourgeoisie, The Proletariat, and Communism Essay Example for Free

History, The Bourgeoisie, The Proletariat, and Communism Essay Karl Marx begins the first chapter of his The Communist Manifesto with the opening line: â€Å"The history of all hitherto existing societies is the history of class struggles† (ch. 1). Underlying all of history is this fundamental economic theme, that each society has its own economic structure which breeds different classes—â€Å"a manifold gradation of social rank,† he calls it (ch. 1). These classes inevitably becomes in conflict with each other—that because of their economic structure, some class becomes the oppressors while others become the oppressed. He argued that the oppressors and oppressed â€Å"stood in constant opposition to one another on an uninterrupted fight that each time ended, either in a revolutionary re-constitution of society at large, or in the common ruin of the contending classes† (ch. 1). He described his time as a struggle between two classes: the Bourgeoisie and the Ploretariat. Marx claims that the modern bourgeois society of his time has not helped to remove, although have simplified, clash antagonisms, but had, instead, â€Å"established new classes, new conditions of oppression, [and] new forms of struggle in place of the old ones† (ch. 1). He saw the bourgeoisie as a â€Å"product of a long course of development, of a series of revolutions in the modes of production and of exchange,† and that each step of its development â€Å"was accompanied by a corresponding political advance† (ch. 1). He claims that the â€Å"executive of the modern State is but a committee for managing the common affairs of the whole bourgeoisie,† that it â€Å"cannot exist without constantly revolutionising the instruments of production, and thereby the relations of production, and with them the whole relations of society† (ch. 1). He said that it has torn the â€Å"feudal ties that bound men to his natural superiors, and has left no other nexus between man and man than naked self-interest† (ch. 1). He goes on to explain that the bourgeoisie draws all nation into civilization with all the rapid improvements of production and by the immensely facilitated means of communication. However, he claims that they create â€Å"a world after its own image,† that is, for all nations to adopt the bourgeois mode of production. The bougeiosie, according to Marx, has â€Å"created enormous cities, has greatly increased the urban population as compared with the rural, and has thus rescued a considerable part of the population from the idiocy of rural life† but that it has also â€Å"concentrated property in a few hands† (ch. 1). He argued that â€Å"for many a decade past the history of industry and commerce is but the history of the revolt of modern productive forces against modern conditions of production, against the property relations that are the conditions for the existence of the bourgeoisie and of its rule† (ch. 1). At the end, he states that â€Å"its existence is no longer compatible with society† and is unfit to be the ruling class of society since â€Å"it is incompetent to assure an existence to its slave within his slavery† (ch. 1). The proletarians, on the other hand, are, during Marxs time, the modern working class—â€Å"a class of labourers, who live only so long as they find work, and who find work only so long as their labour increases capital† (Marx ch. 1). Marx claims that the proletarians lost its individual character and charm because of the extensive use of machinery and of the division of labour. They have become an â€Å"appendage of the machines. † He said that lobourers are commodities which are â€Å"expensive to use† but are exploited by the bougeoisie. Marx explains that the proletariat began its struggle as soon as this class was created, at first as an induvidual struggle of the laborer, and later groups of workers. Workers before were still disorganized, divided by goegraphy and by competition with one another. Marx claims that when workers first formed unions, they did so under the influence of the bourgeois and served to further the objectives of the bourgeoisie. The distinction between workers was obliterated due to the wages being reduced to low level. As the proletariat increased in numbers and concentrated in greater mass by forming Trade Unions, they also increased in strenght and local struggles were centralized into one national struggle between classes. Marx further explains that â€Å"the proletariat alone is a really revolutionary class,† that other classes are conservatives or reactionary that fight against the bourgeoisie in order to â€Å"save from extinction their existence as fractions of the middle class† (ch. 1). Because proletarians have nothing of their own to secure, Marx claims that their mission is â€Å"to destroy all previous securities for, and insurances of, individual property† (ch. 1). The proletarian movement, Marx further explains, â€Å"is the self-concious, independent movement of the immense majority, in the interest of the immense majority† (ch. 1). Marx explains that the Communist Party points out and addresses the common interests of the entire proletariat, in their national struggles in different countries, independent of nationality, and represents the interests of the working class in the various stages of development it has to pass through from the struggle against the bourgeoisie. The Communist Party, therefore, still according to Marx, is the most advanced, resolute section â€Å"of the working-class of every country, that section which pushes forward all others† (ch. 2). It has the same aim as that of all the other proletarian parties, which is to overthrow the bourgeois supremacy and to seek its own political power. Marx goes on to explain that the abolition of existing property relations is not a distinctive feature of Communism, that the feature of Communism is not the abolition of property in general, but the abolition of the bourgeois property, which is, according to him, â€Å"the final and most complete expression of the system of producing and appropriating products† (Marx ch. 2). Simply put, Marx states that Communism is a struggle that aims for the â€Å"abolition of private property. † Communism would like to abolish the conception that the labourer merely lives to increase capital, and is allowed only to live insofar as the interest of the ruling class requires it; that labour is meant to widen, enrich and promote the existence of the labourer is what the Communism is fighting for. Communism is, in a way, a struggle of the lower strata of the society against the upper strata. However, it is not a personal struggle of the poor against the rich, it is a societal and political struggle for equality of appropriation of property. Marx explains that â€Å"Communism deprives no man of the power to appropriate the products of society; all that it does is to deprive him of the power to subjugate the labour of others by means of such appropriation† (ch. 2). With its teachings and goals, labour groups and lower working class would have found The Communist Manifesto appealing. The Capitalists, of course, would not have found it appealing, as the manifesto seeks to destroy their current stature and their self-interest would be compromized. On the other hand, Communism would seek to empower labour groups and they would find it all to their advantage to support its cause. The Industrial Revolution has created a majority lower class workers, many of whom lived in poverty under terrible working conditions. The Communist Manifesto calls on all labourers to unite, promising them a better life sprouting from a better world.

Needed: A License to Drink Essay -- Drinking Alcohol Essays

Needed: A License to Drink Mike Brake is a writer for the communication department at the Oklahoma State Department of Education he wrote an article, â€Å"Needed: A License to Drink,† proposing a national system of licensing on drinking, with appropriate penalties. This means in order to drink one beer a person would have to obtain a license. The article is from Newsweek (March 14, 1994). Underage drinking is everywhere; high school, parties, and at college. How do they get the alcohol? The answer is simple get into the right crowd and alcohol will be as easy to get as juice. There is always going to be someone to buy for underage drinking no matter what the situation. Being twenty-one just means you do not have to hide drinking anymore and that is it. Drinking today is very popular becoming a huge social factor especially in college. With this drinking some people become dependent on the alcohol devoting all their time to drinking. Then drinking does not become a social factor any longer, these people drink because they need it. When this happens the person has a problem and has become an alcoholic maybe for life if they do not get help. About 88% of college students including underage drinkers drink or at least tried alcohol. Of this 88% only a small percentage of people become alcoholics. (Alcohol Alert). Brake’s Proposition What do we do with this alcoholic problem? Mike Brake has proposed a national license for drinking with appropriate penalties. Just like studying to get a permit to drive the same would steps would have to be taken to obtain a beet license. If an alcoholic is arrested on an alcoholic related offense they would loose their license and if they are found attempting to buy alcohol the... ...of alcoholics I think that this will increase the chance that the person will not go back to the bottle. At least more people would know that the person has a problem. This isn’t going to solve the problem but it could help. In conclusion a beer license isn’t going to help the drinking problem at all. Alcoholics are still going to the alcohol that they want. The beer license is only going to cost the 90% of the population who does not have drinking problem who in the first place do not need the license. Works Cited Ask Jeeves. What is Prohibition. 5 Mar. 1999. http://web.ask.com/redir Alcohol Alert. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. Oct. 2000. http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/aa2a.htm Prohibition in the 1920’s Thirteen Years That Damaged America. 6 May 1998. http://www.geocities.com/Anthens/Troy/4399/

Corporation and Florida International University Essay

I am writing this letter regarding my request for funding to attend a business writing course at Florida International University. This course is only held once a year in our area and it will be on the 11 day of July ending on the 13 day of July 2013. The business writing course is the only course held of its kind and it is the most cost-effective professional development opportunity available to me this year. The writing course offers all the tools, techniques and concepts related to business writing, such as critical problem solving with employee communication skills, this course will be a major benefit and provide me with additional knowledge on skills I already possess; by teaching me how to write more clear, crisp and effective. The course will also guide me on how to dissect business documents so that our organizational initiatives will accelerate and performance should increase within Smith International, I will also gain more knowledge on the clarity, impact, and overall professionalism of on-the-job e-mails, letters, and reports which I deal with on a day-to-day basis. The course will be taught by Dr. James Johnson; a world renowned professor for Harvard University Business School, Dr.  Johnson has written several books and has lectured at more than 100 universities worldwide, his expertise and recognition in business writing has not gone unnoticed. Dr. James Johnson has been recognized for his work with U. S government organizations for his ability to critique an array of documents, his ability to analyze policies of privately sealed government documents. He has made his mark and comprehension on business corporations and governments all over the world. The business writing course that will be held at Florida International University will be a cost of ($250 value) this will include a business writing certification, recognizing the completion of the course, all the information printed on paper and presented, is free for all writing course participants, and can be shared with my colleagues who are not able to attend the course at this time. Thank you for considering this request for me to attend the business writing course.